Thousands of foreigners have left Indonesia in last few weeks, airport records released on Tuesday showed, apparently spurred by a brutal pandemic wave and a general shortage of vaccines, which have gone to high-priority groups first.
Indonesia now has the maximum number of confirmed daily cases in Asia, as infections and deaths have surged over the last month.
Infections peaked in mid-July, with the highest daily average reported at more than 50,000 new cases each day. Until mid-June, daily cases had been running about 8,000.
Since early this month, nearly 19,000 foreign nationals have left through Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in the capital, Jakarta.
The exodus increased significantly in the past three days alone, accounting for nearly half of all individual departures this month, said Sam Fernando, who heads the immigration authority at the airport.
Japan's ambassador to Indonesia, Kenji Kanasugi, said the difficulty of getting vaccines for foreign nationals has prompted some Japanese citizens to get vaccinated in their home country.
“Amid the pandemic situation that is very difficult for all of us, some Japanese citizens in Indonesia will temporarily return to Japan,” Kanasugi said on Instagram earlier this month.
Japanese and Chinese nationals made up the largest share of departures, with 2,962 and 2,219 individuals respectively, followed by 1,616 South Korean citizens.
Airport figures showed departures by 1,425 Americans, 842 French, 705 Russians, 700 British, 615 Germans and 546 Saudis.
Initially, only representatives of foreign countries and international nonprofit organisations were eligible for the government's free vaccine programme. However, it was expanded last month to include those aged 60 years and above, as well as teachers and the education staff.
Still, television reports showed foreigners complaining about the difficulties they've faced in getting vaccinated.
Wiku Adisasmito, a spokesman for the National COVID-19 Task Force, said Tuesday that limited vaccine supply remains a challenge. He expressed hope that 45 million more doses set to arrive in August would improve the situation.
Indonesia, home to 270 million people, had secured at least 151.8 million vaccine doses by late July. The vast majority of doses — 126.5 million — are from the Chinese pharmaceutical company, Sinovac.
Indonesia's daily death toll has continued to top 1,000 in the past two weeks. The health system is struggling to cope, and even patients fortunate enough to get a hospital bed are not guaranteed oxygen.
Several countries, including neighbouring Singapore and the Philippines, have announced new bans or restrictions on travelers from Indonesia.
Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Taiwan and Hong Kong are among the nations and territories that have placed Indonesia on their travel ban list.
Overall, Indonesia has reported more than 3.1 million cases and 84,766 fatalities. The figures are believed to be a vast undercount due to low testing and poor tracing measures.